Russia – Ukraine
Fibre-optic FPV drones operate routinely in the Donetsk sector at ranges out to 30–50 km, immune to RF jamming and producing high-resolution targeting feeds that have collapsed Ukrainian MEDEVAC and resupply tempos. The 29 April Voronezh strike on a Mi-28 and Mi-17 at a refuelling stop, together with the 20 March Pokrovsk Ka-52 mid-air shoot-down, confirm rotary-wing assets are now in the FPV engagement envelope at moments of greatest vulnerability — landing, hover, refuelling, shutdown.
FPV recognition and small-arms anti-air defense must be treated as individual skills rather than specialist functions. CASEVAC concepts predicated on air superiority and unjammed links are no longer valid. This implies that small-unit and platoon-medic training must incorporate immediate-action drills for FPV detection during casualty handling, and that the CASEVAC chain must be treated as an operational planning factor rather than an assured logistical enabler. For unit commanders, the lesson is to treat any pause for repair, casualty collection, or refuelling as a high-risk window requiring active C-UAS posture, not as a tactical break.